Pathogen transfer and high variability in pathogen removal by detergent wipes

Pathogen transfer and high variability in pathogen removal by detergent wipes.

BACKGROUND The rise in health care-associated infections has placed a greater emphasis on cleaning and disinfection practices. The majority of policies advocate using detergent-based products for routine cleaning, with detergent wipes increasingly being used; however, there is no information about their ability to remove and subsequently transfer pathogens in practice. METHODS Seven detergent...

Pathogen Removal by Agricultural Constructed Wetlands in Cold Climates

Constructed treatment wetlands have been found to remove fecal coliform (FC) through a variety of mechanisms. This research evaluated the removal of FC in both warm and cold seasons from surface flow treatment wetlands in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. Two wetlands (100 m), of differing depths were monitored over a 17 month period. The wetlands were loaded with dairy wastewater (average inlet FC conc...

Pathogen Reduction of Plasma

Targeting Antibiotic Tolerance, Pathogen by Pathogen.

Antibiotic tolerance, the capacity of genetically susceptible bacteria to survive the lethal effects of antibiotic treatment, plays a critical and underappreciated role in the disease burden of bacterial infections. Here, we take a pathogen-by-pathogen approach to illustrate the clinical significance of antibiotic tolerance and discuss how the physiology of specific pathogens in their infection...

pragmatic transfer in compliment responses and chastisements by iranian learners of english

فرهنگ های گوناگون دریافت ها و تعبیر های مختلفی از تناسب و ادب دارند. بنابراین، ارتباط میان فرهنگی خطرات ذاتی خطای ارتباطی را نشان می دهد. این پژوهش به منظور تعیین وقوع انتقال منظورشناختی زبان در زبان بینابینی زبان آموزان ایرانی، اختلاف منظورشناختی زبان را بین فارسی و انگلیسی در کنش های کلامی پاسخ تحسین و انتقاد بررسی می کند.داده ها از میان 33 آمریکایی انگلیسی زبان، 85 زبان آموز ایرانی در سطوح م...